What type of targeting is characterized by delivering ads to consumers based on previous online behavior?

Re-targeting is characterized by delivering ads to consumers based on their previous online behavior. This method involves tracking the actions users take on a website, such as products viewed, items added to a cart, or pages visited, and then serving them specific advertisements that relate to their past interactions. The strategy is designed to remind consumers of products or services they may have shown interest in, encouraging them to return and complete a purchase or engage further.

By using tracking technologies such as cookies or pixel tags, advertisers can create a tailored ad experience that reflects the individual preferences and habits of users. This enhances the likelihood of conversion, as the ads serve relevant content that aligns with the user's previous behavior online, making it a highly effective marketing approach.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of targeting. For example, cross-device targeting involves delivering ads across various devices that a user may utilize, technical targeting focuses on device specifications or browser capabilities, while content/contextual targeting is based on the context of the content being viewed, rather than individual past behaviors.